|
1716 |
Banat under Turkish occupation has a population of about
80,000 (others claim up to 300,000). Austrian general
Prince Eugene of Savoy wins battle of Peterwardein &
occupies fortress Temeswar. |
|
1718 |
Treaty of Passarowitz - Turks relinquish Banat; count
Mercy takes over administration. Banat established as
'Crown Domain' (province of Austria) with Temeswar as
provincial capital. German municipal administration
established in Temeswar. |
|
1722-1726 |
First Swabian Settlement under Karl VI brings some
15,000 German settlers to Hungary. |
|
1750 |
Piarist high school in Neusanktanna opens; moves to
Temeswar in 1789. |
|
1763-1771 |
Second Swabian Settlement under Maria Theresia brings
45,000 German settlers to Hungary. |
|
1775 |
Teachers college opens in Temeswar. |
|
1778 |
Maria Theresia changes status of Banat from Austrian
province to Hungarian 'comitat'. There are 80 German
schools in the Banat. |
|
1784 |
Joseph II establishes German as official language of
administration. |
|
1784-1787 |
Third Swabian Settlement under Joseph II brings 6000
German families to the Banat. |
|
1789 |
End of government-supported settlement; some 150,000
German settlers in Hungary, about 60,000 in the
Banat. |
|
1802 |
650 schools in the Banat. |
|
1806 |
First Roman-Catholic theological seminary in Temeswar,
lasted until 1950). |
|
1810 |
First choir in Banat set up in Lugosch. |
|
1815 |
First public library in a Hungarian city set up in
Temeswar. |
|
1817 |
Theatre in Arad is built – oldest theater building still
operating. |
|
1819 |
Busiasch is declared spa. |
|
1819 |
First vaccination against smallpox in Central Europe
administrated in Temeswar |
|
1820-1830 |
Colonization of Banater Bergland. |
|
1823.11.03 |
Janos Bolyai mentions discovery of the principles of
non-Euclidean geometry in a letter from Temeswar.. |
|
1823.11.25 |
Johanna vonGreth, the first love of Ludwig van Beethoven
is dying in Temeswar. |
|
1840 |
Building the village of Neusiedl concludes colonization
of the Banat. |
|
1841.02.11 |
First performance of the opera “Anna Bolena” by Giacomo
Donizetti in Temeswar. |
|
1846 |
First institution of higher education in Temeswar - a
law faculty |
|
1846.04.06 |
First savings bank set up in Temeswar. |
|
1846 |
Franz Liszt gives three concerts in the Temeswar theater
hall. |
|
1847 |
Temeswar has 22.560 inhabitants. .Johann Strauss Jr. and
his orchestra perform in Temeswar. |
|
1847.02.05 |
Ether used as anaesthetic at the Temeswar military
hospital. |
|
1848.03. |
Revolution in Vienna and Budapest; public demonstrations
in front of Temeswar city hall. Parade Square is renamed
Liberty Square. |
|
1848.10.10 |
Commanding general Georg von Rukavina declares Temeswar
a fortress. |
|
1849 |
Fortress Temeswar is attacked by revolutionary Hungarian
troops led by general Vécsey. |
|
1849.08.09 |
Hungarian revolutionary army is defeated on the
battlefield between Neubeschenova, Sanktandreas and
Kleinbetschkerek. Austrian general Julius Haynau enters
Temeswar. |
|
1849.10.2 |
“Petition von Bogarosch”: - first recorded political
expression of Banat Swabians. A second petition was
elaborated a month later in Hatzfeld. No answer was ever
received from Vienna. |
|
1849 |
Temeswar is the capital of the “Serbische Wojwodina und
Temescher Banat” (Serbian Voivodina and Temesch Banat),
comprising the counties of: Temesch, Torontal,
Karasch-Severin, Bács-Bodrog, Srem. Thus the Banat is
once again ruled directly by the imperial administration
in Vienna. |
|
1850 |
First postal stamps used in Banat. |
|
1850 |
First Gewerbe Kammer (Chamber of Commerce) set up in
Temeswar. |
|
1851 |
First alcohol plant established in Arad. First railway
rails produced in Reschitza. |
|
1851.12.31 |
Constitution of March 1849 is abolished; neo-absolutist
regime established by ‘Imperial Patent’. |
|
1853 |
Abolition of serfdom by imperial decree extended to the
Banat. |
|
1853 |
First monography of Temeswar “Monographie der
königlichen Freistadt Temeswar” written by Johann Preyer,
mayor of Temeswar. |
|
1854.04.24 |
First telegraph line between Temeswar and Vienna is
inaugurated. |
|
1854.08.20 |
First mountain railroad (Kohlenbahn) (second in Europe)
Lisava-Orawitza-Jassenowa-Basiasch (78.5 km). |
|
1855.02.09 |
Giuseppe Verdi’s opera “La Traviata” opened in
Temeswar. |
|
1857.11.15 |
First railway across the Banat plain:
Szeged-Kikinda-Hatzfeld-Temeswar (112 km). Temeswar to
Budapest takes 26 hours; Temeswar to Vienna 36 hours. |
|
1857.11.01 |
Gas lighting installed in Temeswar. |
|
1858 |
Temeswar-Schebel-Wojtek-Stamora Moravitza-Jassenowa
railroad (94 km). |
|
1860 |
Banat becomes formally a part of Hungary (from 1868
within the dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy). |
|
1861 |
Building of the Orawitza-Lisava-Steierdorf railway (33.4
km) with 14 tunnels and 10 viaducts. |
|
1863 |
Arad-Grosswardein railroad line is built. First brick
and tile plant in the Banat is set up in Hatzfeld. |
|
1865.02.24 |
First performance of “Faust” by Gounod in Temeswar. |
|
1866.01.13 |
First performance of “Tannhäuser” by Richard Wagner in
Temeswar |
|
1867 |
A brick plant is operating in Temeswar. |
|
1867 |
Ausgleich: the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy is formed.
First bank in Hatzfeld. |
|
1869.07.08 |
First horse-drawn streetcar in Temeswar (6.6 km of
track) |
|
1870 |
Railroad linking Großsanktnikolaus to Valkan and with
another link to Großbetschkerek and Szegedin. |
|
1870-1871 |
Bem bridge, the first metal bridge, built in Temeswar
across Bega Canal. |
|
1871 |
Temeswar-Arad railway inaugurated. |
|
1871 |
Philharmonic Society of Temeswar. |
|
1872 |
Flooding; ferries operate between Kleinbetschkerek and
Billed. |
|
1872 |
Military border region abolished. |
|
1872-1874 |
First three locomotives in Hungary manufactured in
Reschitza. |
|
1874 |
Meteorology station opened in Temeswar . |
|
1875 |
Hatzfeld gets a voluntary fire brigade. |
|
1875 |
New theater inaugurated in Temeswar. |
|
1876 |
Metric system of measurement introduced in the Banat. |
|
1876 |
Temeswar-Lugosch-Karansebesch railway inaugurated. |
|
1878 |
Karansebesch-Orschowa railway inaugurated. |
|
1879 |
First telephone system in Temeswar with 52 subscribers
(Leyritz). |
|
1879 |
Bucharest linked by railway through
Temeswar-Budapest-Vienna to Paris. Recital of Johannes
Brahms and Joseph Joachim in Temeswar. |
|
1881 |
Hungarian Parliament issues a law limiting activity of
emigration agents. |
|
1881.03.25 |
Composer and pianist Bela Bartok born in
Großsanktnikolaus. Emigrates in the USA in 1940 (+
26.09.1945 New York). |
|
1881 |
Construction of the Notre Dame educational complex and
monastery in the Josefstadt district. |
|
1882 |
The railroads Großsanknikolaus - Temeswar and
Großsanknikolaus - Arad are built. |
|
1883 |
New Orient Express train passes trough Banat:
Szeged-Kikinda-Hatzfeld-Temeswar-Karansebesch-Orschowa. |
|
1884 |
Electric street lighting (731 lamps) installed in
Temeswar - first in continental Europe. |
|
1885 |
First museum in Temeswar. |
|
1886 |
Temeswar telephone network has 90 subscribers and
201,480 m of lines. |
|
1886 |
Ambulance service established in Temeswar. |
|
1887 |
Temeswar-Kreutzstätten railroad inaugurated. |
|
1887.04.01 |
Poet Peter Jung is born in Hatzfeld (+24.06.1966 in
Hatzfeld). |
|
1888 |
Perjamosch-Warjasch railway inaugurated. |
|
1890 |
There are 253 postal offices and 48 telegraph offices in
the Banat (Temesch 78-18; Torontal 116-19;
Karasch-Severin 61-11) |
|
1891 |
First permanent museum opened in Temeswar. |
|
1893 |
Temeswar telephone network goes long distance by
extention to Arad-Szeged-Budapest. |
|
1895 |
Temeswar-Lowrin-Großsanktnikolaus-Tschanad railway
inaugurated. |
|
1896 |
German theatre in Temeswar is closed down. Temeswar
telephone network has more than 2000 subscribers.
Telephone networks are introduced also in Werschetz,
Pantschowa and Großbetschkerek. |
|
1897 |
First electric railroad between Arad-Paulisch (58 km). |
|
1898 |
Law that all towns and villages in Hungary must have
Hungarian names. |
|
1899-1913 |
About 92,000 Swabians immigrate to America. Bruno Walter
named conductor of Temeswar theatre orchestra. |
|
1899 |
Electric streetcars introduced in Temeswar (10.7 km). |
|
1904.06.02 |
Johnny Weissmuller born in Freidorf/Temeswar. |
|
1907 |
Ungarländische Deutsche Volkspartei (German Popular
Party of Hungary) established; president is lawyer
Ludwig Kremling. |
|
1908 |
All public congregations by the German Popular Party
banned by police. First permanent cinema opens in
Temeswar. |
|
1908-1909 |
New church, school and monastery of the Piarist
community in Temeswar. |
|
1910-1912 |
Lloyd Palace and other stately buildings around Opera
Square form the Temeswar “Corso”. |
|
1913-1914 |
Due to ongoing magyarization, only 34 German-language
schools remain in Banat. |
|
1918.10.31 |
Banat revolution & proclamation of the Banat Republic by
Otto Roth. |
|
1918.11.15 |
Serbian army occupies Banat and Temeswar. |
|
1918.12.01 |
Resolution of Alba Iulia (Karlstadt) provides for
minorities to use of their language in education,
administration, and justice; proportional representation
in political life. |
|
1918.12.08 |
National assembly of the Swabians from 138 villages in
Temeswar adopts the “Swabian Manifest”. |
|
1918 |
Temeswar has 60.000 inhabitants, seven hospitals with
445 beds, 22 doctors, 48 nurses. |
|
1919 |
Banat Swabians divided: (1) followers of Reinhold Heegn
are for joining Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes;
(2) “moderates” of Kaspar Muth and Franz Blaskovics are
for an autonomous Banat Republic as part of Hungary or
as Hungarian/French protectorate; (3) “radicals” lead by
Viktor Orendi-Hommenau, Andreas Dammang, Johann Tengler,
Josef Gabriel, Johann Röser are for union with the
Romania. |
|
1919.08.10 |
Deutsche Volkspartei at meeting of 1000 Swabians
delegates from 33 villages issues resolution supporting
integrity of Banat and union with Romania. |
|
1919.08.19 |
Swabian delegation meeting in Paris with members of the
Council of Ten, organ of the Peace Conference; first
international presence of Banat Swabians. |
|
1919 |
2/3 of Banat is united with Romania and 1/3 with the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. |
|
1920.06.04 |
Trianon Treaty – Hungary looses 2/3 of its territory. |
|
1920.11.02 |
Temeswar’s theater burns down. |
|
1920.11.03 |
Technical universirty ‘Polytechnic School’ opens in
Temeswar. |
|
1921 |
George Enescu gives his first concerts in Temeswar. |
|
1921 |
Josef Linster [1889-1954] composes the Swabians Hymn
using Peter Jung’s poem Mein Heimatland published on
11.09.1921 in Hatzfelder Zeitung. |
|
1921 |
Two Swabians parties merge to form the
“Deutsch-Schwäbische Volksgemeinschaft”. |
|
1923.03.12 |
Augustin Pacha is appointed apostolic administrator of
the Roman-Catholic Diocese of Tschanad. |
|
1926 |
Streetcar enterprise has 35 cars and 25 km of rails with
5 branch lines. |
|
1926.08.26 |
Banatia, the largest German educational institution in
eastern central Europe, is officially inaugurated. |
|
1929-1930 |
Construction of the “Capitol” cinema in Temeswar. |
|
1930 |
The population of Banat is 941,521: 226,776 Swabians,
97,729 Hungarians, and 509,187 Romanians. |
|
1930.06.05 |
Temeswar Roman-Catholic Diocese established with. Dr.
Augustin Pacha as first bishop. |
|
1938 |
Temeswar engineer Corneliu Miklosi built the first
railway welding machine of the world. |
|
1940.09 |
Andreas Schmidt named by Berlin as leader of the German
Ethnic Group in Romania. |
|
1941 |
About 310.000 Swabians live in the Banat. |
|
1942.11.15 |
Seismic station established in Temeswar. |
|
1943.05 |
Hitler–Antonescu agreement: ethnic German men can join
either the Romanian army or the German army. By year end
54,000 had joined the Waffen SS. |
|
1944.06.16 |
Temeswar is bombed for the first time by the British air
force. |
|
1944.07.03 |
Temeswar is bombed by the American air force. |
|
1944.09.12 |
First Red Army troops enter Temeswar. |
|
1944 08 |
About 15,000 Banat Swabians flee toward Germany. |
|
1945.01.06 |
Deportation in Russia: some 45,000 Swabian men and women
are deported to URSS; about 7000 of them loose their
lives; the rest are released in 1950. |
|
1945.10.18 |
Expropriation of Swabian property: land, houses,
machines, tools, animals…. |
|
1946 |
Temeswar museum is moving in the Huniade Castle. |
|
1946.03._ |
Temeswar Opera official inauguration takes place on
27.04.1947 with a performance of “Aida” by G. Verdi. |
|
1946.08._ |
Medical Institute of Temeswar opens in the Banatia
building. |
|
1948 |
Pedagogic Institute opens in Temeswar; becomes a
university in 1962. |
|
1948.06.11 |
Nationalization of the large and small enterprises,
banks, shops, and transportation means. |
|
1948 |
Collectivisation: villagers are enrolled as workers on
collective farms. |
|
1950 |
Freidorf becomes Temeswar’s seventh district. |
|
1951.06.18 |
Deportation to the Baragan: some 40,000 Swabians are
among those deported to ensure ‘security of border with
Yugoslavia’. |
|
1953 |
Temeswar is the only European city with 3 state theaters
that stage plays in 3 languages: Romanian, Hungarian and
German. |
|
1961-1965 |
Construction of the Western University in Temeswar. |
|
1970-1984 |
Construction of the Agronomic Institute in Temeswar. |
|
1974-1976 |
Construction of the Electrotechnical Faculty in
Temeswar. |
|
1977 |
About 159.000 Swabians live in the Banat. |
|
1978 |
Agreement between Romania and West Germany regarding
family reunification. |
|
1980-1982 |
Construction of the Civil Engineering Faculty. |
|
1989 |
About 90.000 Swabians live in the Banat. |
|
1989.12.17 |
‘Bloody Sunday’ in Temeswar: military opens fire on
anti-Ceausescu demonstrators. |
|
1989.12.20 |
Temeswar is declared a “free city”. |
|
1989.12.22 |
Ceausescu regime ends. |
|
1990.03.03 |
Msgr. Sebastian Kraeuter is appointed bishop of the
Roman-Catholic Diocese of Temeswar. |
|
1992 |
About 30.000 Swabians live in the Banat. |
|
1996.09.16 |
Prime ministers of Hungary and Romania sign the
Romanian-Hungarian Treaty at Temeswar. |
|
2000 |
Population of Temeswar is 450,000. |
