The
Farming Economy in Beschka in 1860
by Peter Lang
Translation by Brad Schwebler
As already mentioned the farmers of the Batschka around the year 1860
could neither buy affordable fields in the mother communities nor in the
Batschka daughter communities. The small farmer could therefore only improve matters by
moving away to the backward regions of the Syrmia.
It was not easy for anyone to move to Syrmia which at the time had very
rough customs. The settler who
moved was also often ridiculed by those who remained. When one for example managed his finances badly, one said to
him, “Dem sei Deichsel zeigt schun uf Kerschetin.”
Still in the year 1927 my uncle
said to me as I decided to go to Beschka: “Geh, laß das liederliche Srem gehn!”
(“Go, let youself go to the slovenly Syrmia!”) (My uncle knew Beschka and
Krtschedin since 1887.) To
understand this situation one must know the development of the field prices.
Field prices in Jarek (20 km in
a straight line from Beschka) in the years:
1791 - everything
free of charge
1819 - 2 yokes, 480 Guilders - ie. 240 Guilders per yoke
1820 - 1.5 yokes, 230 Guilders - ie. 153 Guilders per yoke
1820 - 1 yoke, - 150 Guilders
1820 - 10 yokes, 1500 Guilders - ie.
150 Guilders per yoke
1821 - 3 1/8 yoke, 4000 Guilders - ie.
1280 Guilders per yoke
Field prices in the years (Source:
Scherer):
1859 - 100 yokes (bush), 60 – 80 Guilders per yoke,
averaging 70 Guilders – 10 dz
1890 - 180-200 Guilders per yoke, averaging 100 Guilders – 27 dz
1897 - 280-320 Guilders per yoke, averaging 300 Guilders – 42 dz
1907
530 Guilders per yoke, averaging 630 Guilders – 90 dz
The list shows that the field prices in the course of 48 years climbed
about 9 times. In the same time the
wheat price remained rather constant at about 7 Guilders per double hundred
weight. In the time after 1907 the
field was no longer so expensive. I
remember that Johann Huber bought the Sauer field in 1928 and paid 16,000 Dinar
per yoke for it. At the time the
wheat price amounted to about 300 Dinar per double hundred weight, so that Huber
converted it so that 53 double hundred weight of wheat had to be paid per yoke
of field. I purchased my vineyard
in 1928 for 24,000 Dinar together with the harvest, that is converting 136.8
double hundred weight of wheat per yoke. In
1934 I purchased the “Postweise” (postal route?) The purchase price amounted to the conversion of 60 double
hundred weight of wheat per yoke.
For the German colonists there
was during the military border not only the possibility, through the purchase of
a field or the acquisition of the whole courtyard, but also the further
possibility to “einkommunieren?” themselves in a “Kommunionen?”.
To make it clear how the “Einkommunieren” went, I would like to cite
the following from the Krtschedin homeland book’s “Einkonskribierungs
document”, where I have included some comments in brackets:
No. 870 (the number is a file number) Beschka Company No. 12
[Published at
DVHH.org by Jody McKim Pharr, 2005]